Whenever the Sledgehammer algorithm is executed, it involves swapping corners located within the 'workbench'.
This means that after two repetitions, the cubies are in their original positions, but with a different orientation. Therefore:
Two consecutive 'Sledgehammer' rotate the 'corners'.
This has the important consequence that if a cubie is not correctly oriented, simply repeating the 'Sledgehammer' will eventually orient the cubie correctly.
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(Each of the six possible Sledgehammer alternatives swaps different cubies, always within the same 'workbench' and the same pattern.)